Opcode and host I/O pricing

This reference provides the latest gas and ink costs for specific WASM opcodes and host I/Os when using Stylus. For a conceptual introduction to Stylus gas and ink, see Gas and ink (Stylus).

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Stylus is currently tagged as a release-candidate. The code has been audited, and testing in production environments is underway. Caution should be taken when used in production scenarios. This documentation is currently in public preview.

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Opcode costs

The Stylus VM charges for WASM opcodes according to the following table, which was determined via a conservative statistical analysis and is expected to change as Stylus matures. Prices may fluctuate across upgrades as our analysis evolves and optimizations are made.

Hex	Opcode	Ink	Gas	Notes
0x00	Unreachable	1	0.0001
0x01	Nop	1	0.0001
0x02	Block	1	0.0001
0x03	Loop	1	0.0001
0x04	If	765	0.0765
0x05	Else	1	0.0001
0x0b	End	1	0.0001
0x0c	Br	765	0.0765
0x0d	BrIf	765	0.0765
0x0e	BrTable	2400 + 325x	0.24 + 0.0325x	Cost varies with table size
0x0f	Return	1	0.0001
0x10	Call	3800	0.38
0x11	CallIndirect	13610 + 650x	1.361 + 0.065x	Cost varies with no. of args
0x1a	Drop	9	0.0009
0x1b	Select	1250	0.125
0x20	LocalGet	75	0.0075
0x21	LocalSet	210	0.0210
0x22	LocalTee	75	0.0075
0x23	GlobalGet	225	0.0225
0x24	GlobalSet	575	0.0575
0x28	I32Load	670	0.067
0x29	I64Load	680	0.068
0x2c	I32Load8S	670	0.067
0x2d	I32Load8U	670	0.067
0x2e	I32Load16S	670	0.067
0x2f	I32Load16U	670	0.067
0x30	I64Load8S	680	0.068
0x31	I64Load8U	680	0.068
0x32	I64Load16S	680	0.068
0x33	I64Load16U	680	0.068
0x34	I64Load32S	680	0.068
0x35	I64Load32U	680	0.068
0x36	I32Store	825	0.0825
0x37	I64Store	950	0.095
0x3a	I32Store8	825	0.0825
0x3b	I32Store16	825	0.0825
0x3c	I64Store8	950	0.095
0x3d	I64Store16	950	0.095
0x3e	I64Store32	950	0.095
0x3f	MemorySize	3000	0.3
0x40	MemoryGrow	8050	0.805
0x41	I32Const	1	0.0001
0x42	I64Const	1	0.0001
0x45	I32Eqz	170	0.017
0x46	I32Eq	170	0.017
0x47	I32Ne	170	0.017
0x48	I32LtS	170	0.017
0x49	I32LtU	170	0.017
0x4a	I32GtS	170	0.017
0x4b	I32GtU	170	0.017
0x4c	I32LeS	170	0.017
0x4d	I32LeU	170	0.017
0x4e	I32GeS	170	0.017
0x4f	I32GeU	170	0.017
0x50	I64Eqz	225	0.0225
0x51	I64Eq	225	0.0225
0x52	I64Ne	225	0.0225
0x53	I64LtS	225	0.0225
0x54	I64LtU	225	0.0225
0x55	I64GtS	225	0.0225
0x56	I64GtU	225	0.0225
0x57	I64LeS	225	0.0225
0x58	I64LeU	225	0.0225
0x59	I64GeS	225	0.0225
0x5a	I64GeU	225	0.0225
0x67	I32Clz	210	0.021
0x68	I32Ctz	210	0.021
0x69	I32Popcnt	2650	0.265
0x6a	I32Add	70	0.007
0x6b	I32Sub	70	0.007
0x6c	I32Mul	160	0.016
0x6d	I32DivS	1120	0.112
0x6e	I32DivU	1120	0.112
0x6f	I32RemS	1120	0.112
0x70	I32RemU	1120	0.112
0x71	I32And	70	0.007
0x72	I32Or	70	0.007
0x73	I32Xor	70	0.007
0x74	I32Shl	70	0.007
0x75	I32ShrS	70	0.007
0x76	I32ShrU	70	0.007
0x77	I32Rotl	70	0.007
0x78	I32Rotr	70	0.007
0x79	I64Clz	210	0.021
0x7a	I64Ctz	210	0.012
0x7b	I64Popcnt	6000	0.6
0x7c	I64Add	100	0.01
0x7d	I64Sub	100	0.01
0x7e	I64Mul	160	0.016
0x7f	I64DivS	1270	0.127
0x80	I64DivU	1270	0.127
0x81	I64RemS	1270	0.127
0x82	I64RemU	1270	0.127
0x83	I64And	100	0.01
0x84	I64Or	100	0.01
0x85	I64Xor	100	0.01
0x86	I64Shl	100	0.01
0x87	I64ShrS	100	0.01
0x88	I64ShrU	100	0.01
0x89	I64Rotl	100	0.01
0x8a	I64Rotr	100	0.01
0xa7	I32WrapI64	100	0.01
0xac	I64ExtendI32S	100	0.01
0xad	I64ExtendI32U	100	0.01
0xc0	I32Extend8S	100	0.01
0xc1	I32Extend16S	100	0.01
0xc2	I64Extend8S	100	0.01
0xc3	I64Extend16S	100	0.01
0xc4	I64Extend32S	100	0.01
0xfc0a	MemoryCopy	950 + 100x	0.095 + 0.01x	Cost varies with no. of bytes
0xfc0b	MemoryFill	950 + 100x	0.095 + 0.01x	Cost varies with no. of bytes

Host I/O costs

Certain operations require suspending WASM execution so that the Stylus VM can perform tasks natively in the host. This costs about 0.84 gas to do. Though we’ll publish a full specification later, the following table details the costs of simple operations that run in the host.

Note that the values in this table were determined via a conservative statistical analysis and are expected to change as Stylus matures. Prices may fluctuate across upgrades as our analysis evolves and optimizations are made.

Host I/O	Ink	Gas	Notes
read_args	8400 + 5040b	0.84 + 0.504b	b = bytes after first 32
write_result	8400 + 16381b	0.84 + 1.6381b	b = bytes after first 32
keccak	121800 + 21000w	12.18 + 2.1w	w = EVM words
block_basefee	13440	1.344
block_coinbase	13440	1.344
block_gas_limit	8400	0.84
block_number	8400	0.84
block_timestmap	8400	0.84
chain_id	8400	0.84
contract_address	13440	1.344
evm_gas_left	8400	0.84
evm_ink_left	8400	0.84
msg_reentrant	8400	0.84
msg_sender	13440	1.344
msg_value	13440	1.344
return_data_size	8400	0.84
tx_ink_price	8400	0.84
tx_gas_price	13440	1.344
tx_origin	13440	1.344
console_log_text	0	0	debug-only
console_log	0	0	debug-only
console_tee	0	0	debug-only
null_host	0	0	debug-only

See also

• Gas and ink (Stylus): A conceptual introduction to the "gas" and "ink" primitives